Biomineralization is the formation of minerals via metabolism by living organisms. Biomineralization is an extremely successful process found in practically all groups of life. It is the production of either intra or extracellular mineral components used for structural functions and ion storage. It can be seen in the formation of bones and teeth, crustacean carapace, gramineae leaves, ferromagnetic bacteria, and in diatom and mollusk shells. The composites obtained through this process have varied characteristics and metastable polymorphs and temporary amorphous phases are used liberally by organisms.
